removal of ammonium ions from wastewater: a short review in development of efficient methods

ammonium ions wastewater pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. the treatment of ammonium ions is a special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. in recent years, various methods for ammonium ion removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. this paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat ammonium ion wastewater and evaluates these techniques. these technologies include ion exchange, adsorption, biosorption, wet air oxidation, biofiltration, diffused aeration, nitrification and denitrification methods. about 75 published studies (1979-2015) are reviewed in this paper. it is evident from the literature survey articles that ion exchange, adsorption and biological technology are the most frequently studied for the treatment of ammonium ion wastewater.